Inside the bodies of a growing number of cancer patients, a remarkable feat of pharmaceutical ingenuity is playing out: an injection of an engineered antibody that targets two different fronts at once — a feat no natural antibody can achieve.

With one of its molecular arms, the engineered antibody seizes a cancer cell and with the other, an immune cell called a killer T cell. By hauling the two together, the antibody allows the T cell to destroy the cancer cell. But without this forced union, the killer T cell would have missed the cancer cell altogether. Such molecules, known as bispecific antibodies, are transforming cancer treatment. Their dual-targeting powers bring enhanced precision, reduced side-effects and the ability to circumvent cancer’s famously inventive resistance mechanisms. They are now being trained on other complex conditions such as autoimmune disease.

Bispecific antibodies are just one of a new generation of protein-based drugs, or biologics, that are shaping the future of precision medicine. ��è����Ƶs are aiming for ever-more complex therapeutic targets, with a broader range of drug types. For example, trispecific antibodies that can bind to three antigens are in the works, as well as more sophisticated versions of single-target monoclonal antibodies, which have been in clinical use for decades. With AI helping to generate more options, drug candidates are flooding the pipeline.

However, this vast increase in drug candidate diversity has exposed a critical bottleneck: manufacturing technology hasn’t kept up. “Downstream development, manufacturing and some analytical workflows are not scaling at the same rate as what’s happening in discovery,” says Paul Belcher, business leader at global life sciences company Cytiva. “And that is creating bottlenecks.”

In the long and tortuous path from drug candidate to the clinic, a key stumbling block is purification—separating the active ingredient from the environment in which it is made. Unlike “small molecule” drugs, which are wholly or partly synthesised by chemists, biologics are made in living cells, meaning they have to be extracted from a complex mixture of other biomolecules. What’s more, biologics are large and complex molecules, and must retain their intricate three-dimensional structure to work correctly, without unravelling or clumping together. “This requires an expanded toolbox of purification tools,” says Belcher. And companies are finding that purification considerations must be built into their drug discovery process early on.

Increasing complexity

The stakes are high. Fewer than 1 in 10,000 new drug candidates ever make it to the clinic, says Belcher, a statistic that is worsening as researchers train their sights on increasingly complicated targets. These candidates can fail or be delayed for numerous reasons and purification problems are a growing concern. That means biopharma companies risk losing out on a booming sector that is currently showing double-digit annual growth, says Henrik Ihre, distinguished fellow at Cytiva. For patients, it means missing out on potentially transformative new treatments.

Although purification methods exist for “classic” biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, these may not work well for the new generation of biologics, each of which demands a different approach. “People don’t always know how to make the new molecules,” says Ihre. And this often means there is no obvious way to purify them.

The sheer number of new candidates is an issue too. “There are so many that enter the development pipelines each week that companies have a hard time keeping up with developing purification protocols that purify the molecules well enough to do clinical testing,” says Ihre.

Most biologics are purified using chromatography, where molecules are separated based on properties such as size, charge, hydrophobicity or binding affinity. In many cases, this involves a chromatography resin—a material made up of porous beads functionalised with ligands that selectively bind to impurities or to the target molecule before it is released in a later step.

Shared structures

Over the past 20 years, Cytiva has developed 45 resins for purifying new biologics. The ligands on these resins are usually off-the-shelf molecules because, although each biologic is different, it usually belongs to a class of molecules that have key features in common. These can be targets for resin ligands. Classic monoclonal antibodies, for example, share a structure known as the Fc domain, which is targeted by conventional protein A resins. But monoclonal antibodies are getting more varied and complex — some no longer have an Fc domain — and this has transformed purification. “So we need to come up with new resins,” says Ihre.

Successful purification means knowing your molecule like the back of your hand, says Ihre. This includes its size, form, 3D shape, hydrophobicity, and whether there are any regions that a resin ligand could bind to. “If you don’t understand your target molecule, your likelihood of being able to manufacture it and purify it will be very low,” he adds. Newer approaches can also have more liabilities, such as being aggregation prone, acidic and temperature sensitive.

That’s why planning ahead is so important – because it reveals which molecules are likely to be hard to purify. “We need to identify these liabilities as early as possible,” says Belcher. This allows companies to reduce the risk of failure as early as possible in the drug development process.

Another key consideration is to have purification processes that work at scale. Paradoxically, approaches that work in the lab don’t always translate to large-scale manufacture. For example, size exclusion chromatagraphy is still used in drugdiscovery but rarely in manufacturing because of its low capacity and slow throughput. Some issues are cost and productivity: a new technique could be scalable in theory, but in practice is too expensive or inefficient, says Ihre.

Purification technology

In a field where scientific innovation is accelerating rapidly, success depends not only on discovering new molecules but on understanding how they can be developed, purified and produced at scale. That requires expertise across the full development journey—from early discovery insights through to manufacturing realities.

By anticipating purification challenges earlier and designing molecules with production in mind, researchers and developers can reduce risk, improve scalability and bring therapies to patients faster. For companies working at the intersection of discovery and manufacturing, closing this gap is becoming essential to turning scientific breakthroughs into real-world impact.

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Self-driving cars struggle when the weather turns bad. That’s because they are trained largely on data gathered when driving conditions are good and because similar data for hazardous driving conditions is difficult to collect on real roads.

In this video, we visit the German test track where researchers are collecting real-world vehicle data to help solve this problem. We then travel to London to find out how UK scientists are using this data to simulate the effect of fog, snow and rain. The film focuses on the unique contributions each partner makes and shows how together the teams generate�� results that are greater than the sum of the parts.

The research is part of a €10 million project funded by the EU’s flagship Horizon Europe innovation programme.

This is a ��è����Ƶ CoLab production, .

Read more about the UK-German partnership solving the toughest challenges for driverless cars

At first glance, things look bad: attention spans are shrinking, loneliness is on the rise, trusting news reports is harder than ever and far too much of our life’s infrastructure is in the hands of just a few multi-billion dollar companies.

This overwhelming onslaught raises a crucial question: is this techno-enslavement society’s destiny or can humanity fight back with clever, creative, socially-aware innovation? The signs are that it can and the green shoots of a brighter future are beginning to emerge. “I am optimistic that we will course-correct,” says psychologist Gloria Mark of the University of California, Irvine.

These green shoots take the form of people shifting news consumption towards audio and influencer-led content over traditional text. A federated internet or “fediverse” is emerging in the form of�� a decentralised network of servers designed to reduce reliance on tech behemoths and enhance data rights. And there is a growing sense that technology can be designed from the bottom up to benefit broad swathes of society rather than a narrow set of wealthy individuals and investors.

Transmission stamps

One of the major shifts of recent years has been the growing proportion of people who are listening to, rather than reading, news and other factual content, for instance. This significantly influences their impressions because listeners engage more strongly with negative aspects of a story than readers. “People tend to walk away with an understanding of news that is less nuanced and more negatively biased after listening to it versus reading it,” says Shiri Melumad of the University of Pennsylvania.

Melumad’s research also shows that when news gets passed between peers by verbal report rather than by forwarding a piece of text, the transmitter puts their own stamp on the story. “Retellings contain increasingly fewer original details from the story but more personal opinions and negativity,” she says.

But Dominic Guitard, an applied psychologist at Cardiff University, thinks humans can find alternative ways to check their sources. “People may adapt by developing new strategies for evaluating information, particularly if audio content is paired with searchable transcripts, summaries or visual records,” he says.

And technology itself is playing a part here, by making our news sources more personal and accessible. According to Pew Research, 21 per cent of adults in the US and 37 per cent of under-30s regularly get news content from creators and influencers, rather than traditional outlets. For some, that means the news becomes less trustworthy.

But that doesn’t have to be the case. According to research published in Nature Scientific Reports last year, adopting the right technologies can significantly increase the credibility and authenticity of collected data. Incorporating Global Navigation Satellite Systems data and Android location flags, for instance, allows users to verify that the news source is where it claims to be. Additionally, blockchains can protect information from manipulation or modification.

Enter the fediverse

The evolving infrastructure behind our online lives also has the potential to make it easier to trust content. Take the growth of the “federated internet”, which is more resistant to interruption, disruption and censorship.

It also gives users greater flexibility in terms of data rights and the ability to connect with like-minded people without being tied to one platform. The microblogging social media service, Bluesky, for instance, is built on an open source protocol with a standardised format for identity and data. The aim is that social apps are able to
interact – although this is happening to highly varying degrees.

Not that the “fediverse” is a utopia. As numerous researchers have pointed out, bots populate the federated internet too. What’s more, as Samantha Lai and Yoel Roth of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace wrote in 2024, “federated platforms remain ill-equipped to meet the threats of abuse, harassment, coordinated manipulation, and spam that have plagued social media for years.” Ironically, they suggest that the answer might lie in some form of centralised moderation that builds safety and trust in decentralised social media platforms.

Such ideas are slowly being implemented, but the sluggish pace is due to technical and commercial challenges rather than reluctance. Indeed, many of the new companies building and evolving the internet and its deployment actively want to do things better. They campaign on a number of fronts: for more human-centred development, stronger regulation and legislation that limits the power and reach of algorithms, for instance.

Technology for good

One example is the DAIR Institute in California, whose founder, Timnit Gebru, will be speaking at SXSW London 2026. DAIR seeks to make sure AI develops in ways that benefit humanity. It uses measures such as assisting technology developers to remain within existing communities rather than working from Silicon Valley’s silos.

Other organisations are building on our new power to connect with each other. The charity Chapter One, for instance, uses AI and other tech to source one-to-one support for children learning to read. Over 200 global corporations now partner with Chapter One to enable their employees to be online reading buddies.

Even though in-person reading buddies would probably be better, this is the shape of 21st century society: we just aren’t as physically close to each other in the way we used to be. Mark reckons people are finding ways to adapt to this new normal. “One clear adaptation to loneliness is seen in the rise of synthetic companions: people turn to AI for friendship and relationships,” she says. According to her research, the top six AI companies have around 52 million users of synthetic companions.

Mark will be discussing her research findings at SXSW London 2026 in the Society Rewired Track. She remains optimistic that we can make sure emerging technologies serve humanity, not the other way around. “I’m not a Luddite: I’m not about throwing away technology,” she says. “I think instead we have to figure out how we can integrate technology into our lives – but on our terms.”

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“We consider the UK as a leader in excellent science and innovation so of course having them on board for proposals and projects for us is crucial.” Dr Laura Rodríguez should know. As one of the scientific leaders at the heart of an ambitious Europe-funded research effort, Rodriguez has been at the centre of the Europe-wide partnership between her company, IRIS Technology Solutions in Barcelona, and several research partners.

This sharing of expertise has made the research effort more than the sum of its parts, she says. “The multicultural and multidisciplinary environment is crucial to the results.” All this is made possible by Horizon Europe, the European Union’s flagship €96 billion research and innovation funding program.

The goal of Rodriguez’ collaboration is to minimise the environmental footprint of the pharmaceutical industry by rethinking the entire life cycle of medicines—from the moment a molecule is designed to how a patient disposes of the leftover pills. The science is so complex that it requires the expertise of world class researchers, innovative small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and leading pharmaceutical companies from across Europe. That’s how IRIS Technology Solutions has come to partner with UK companies such as Quotient Sciences,��headquartered in Nottingham,��as well as the pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca.

Cleaner Chemistry

“The manufacture of pharmaceuticals generates more waste and by-products compared to all other chemical sectors [per quantity of end product],” says Dr Sara Sànchez, also at IRIS. For every kilogram of medicine, the industry produces more than ten kilograms of waste and by products, far more than industries that are generally thought of as “dirtier” such as petrochemicals. While fuels are produced in massive, continuous flows, medicines are typically manufactured in discrete batches. This requires frequent, intensive cleaning between products, which generates significant chemical runoff and waste.

“The nature of these wastes and products have a huge impact on the environment,” says Rodríguez, “so it is not only about the amount of waste and sub-products, but also the complexity of the chemicals and the dangers they pose.”

To tackle these issues, the Horizon Europe innovation programme has funded a €5.9 million project called ETERNAL which brings together 16 partners from across the continent in a 4-year partnership. The project is exploring green chemistry techniques to help reduce the use of solvents and help minimise residues in wastewater; it is studying mechanochemistry—how mechanical forces like grinding and compressions can trigger chemical reactions and reduce the reliance on solvents and energy-hungry heat; and developing digital twins to create virtual replicas of manufacturing processes that predict how changes will affect the environmental impact before a single chemical is poured.

A “clean” supply chain doesn’t end at the factory gate; it includes the patient. So ETERNAL is launching campaigns to influence behaviour by nudging consumers to dispose of medicines responsibly, for example by returning unused pills to a pharmacy rather than flushing them down sinks and lavatories.

Positive reactions

The challenge begins with the way drugs are designed to start with. In the early stages of drug development, pharmaceutical companies are generally focused on bringing effective and safe medicines to market quickly. So, factors such as the amount of by-product produced can become a secondary concern. The result is that inefficient chemical pathways can become locked into the manufacturing processes.

One way to change this is to better understand reactions as they are in progress. To this end, IRIS and Quotient are using a technique called Raman spectroscopy, a kind of chemical fingerprinting technique that monitors chemical reactions while they are in progress, allowing more control and therefore less waste.

The technology involves firing a laser into the reaction vessel and analysing the light that comes back. That light is frequency-shifted based on the vibrations of chemical bonds in substances within the mixture, allowing the researchers to infer how quickly a reaction is progressing. If adjustments to reaction conditions such as temperature or pressure are needed, they can be done in real-time without the chemicals needing to be sampled.

But neither partner could have done this on their own. IRIS has expertise in building the optical hardware and creating the software to analyse the results, while Quotient has the detailed understanding of the complex chemical reactions at work.

Dr Rowena Howie at Quotient’s Alnwick site says the company could not have pursued the Raman approach on its own. “One of the best things about our collaboration with IRIS is the access it gives us to technology and expertise that we wouldn’t otherwise have,” she says.

Once the technique has been fully validated, it should open up a new pathway to understanding and monitoring the chemical processes at the heart of drug manufacture more precisely. “The real-time interface is what’s really going to help,” she says.

And the hope is that the partnership will continue beyond ETERNAL, allowing the technique to be applied to other chemical processes.

IRIS also collaborated with AstraZeneca to develop membranes that filter active ingredients or impurities from solvents, a technique that uses significantly less energy than traditional separation techniques like distillation. A key task is to find the best pore size for the filter, which would conventionally be done with multiple experiments that are time consuming and wasteful.

Digital twins

IRIS has built a digital twin of the process — a computer simulation that models the fluid dynamics around the pores, incorporating the properties of the solvent, the solutes and the membrane. “A digital simulation, of course, is much cheaper and faster,” says IRIS’s Dr David Nettleton. It allows researchers to run dozens of ‘what-if’ scenarios—virtually testing different experimental parameters—to identify the most efficient process before a single drop of real chemical is used.

Again, this is a problem that neither side could have cracked on its own. Nettleton describes the partnership as an iterative process, where AstraZeneca defined the problem and IRIS built prototypes of the simulation model. “We get the feedback … and we make updates,” he says, until the simulation is a close approximation to its real-life twin.

This free flow of ideas between participants in the collaboration has been crucial to this success, says Dr Rory MacDonald at Quotient Sciences. “All partners, I think, have just been completely open.” That openness will outlive the formal end of the ETERNAL project in August because much of the data will be put in the public domain. “It will be delivering benefits in terms of reduced environmental impact with all the various partner companies that have worked here,” he says.

Rodríguez agrees that on the scientific level, working together has been “fluid and collaborative” while personal connections have thrived. But there is one realm where national rivalries have proved impossible to eliminate.

“We try not to talk about soccer,” she admits. In Barcelona, a proud footballing city, European collaboration it seems has its limits.

Find out ����

Listen to the ��è����Ƶ Colab podcast, How UK and Spanish scientists are reimagining the future of green pharma

All we had to do was to construct a set of molecular models and begin to play.” When James Watson and Francis Crick set out to solve DNA’s structure, they drew inspiration from chemist Linus Pauling, who had recently cracked one aspect of protein structure by tinkering with toy-like physical models. The pair spent hours fiddling with wire and cardboard representations of DNA’s components. By trial and error, following their curiosity and investigating different possibilities, they deduced the structure of the double helix.

Emergent breakthrough

It’s an example of how scientific breakthroughs can emerge from something that looks remarkably like play, a word that conjures up images of something easy or trivial. “It has a definite overtone of frivolous or unserious or not important,” says Paul Ramchandani, LEGO Professor of Play in Education, Development and Learning at the University of Cambridge. But nothing could be further from the truth. A growing body of evidence is showing that play is a vital activity, associated with the development of a raft of cognitive and emotional skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving and resilience, as well as the ability to form strong relationships and navigate social situations.

For all its importance, it’s hard to define exactly what we mean by “play”. Researchers tend to adapt their definitions of play to the particular contexts they are investigating, such as adventurous or risky play, says Ramchandani. But one key feature unites them all: “It’s an activity that is joyful and enjoyable to children,” he says. Children devote a vast amount of time and energy to play. “It’s the majority of their world, particularly when they’re very young.”

Play is not unique to humans; some young animals, such as rats, spend a lot of time playing. But why such a behaviour evolved that distracts young animals from important tasks such as seeking food is still debated. One idea is that it helps animals practise important physical skills, another that it helps develop social bonds, says Ramchandani.

Human play is much richer and changes as a child develops. “Children are thrown into a world of uncertainty and the unknown when they’re born,” says Bo Stjerne Thomsen, Head of Educational Impact at . “And the main mechanism to deal with that uncertainty is to play, to sense, and try and experiment with things around you. This is how children learn through play”

It begins in infants with parent-child bonding that builds relationships and early learning, later incorporating social elements with peers and siblings, and goes on to include pretend play, physical play and risky play. But young humans also seem to have a distinctive form of play that involves deliberately creating problems for themselves. One theory is that this is how humans practice curiosity-driven thinking, by inventing problems that force us to come up with creative solutions.

Testing ideas

Ethically, we can’t deprive children of play to test all these ideas, says Ramchandani. But you can study what happens when you expand opportunities for play. “Increasing play of various kinds is correlated with positive outcomes across almost every aspect of development,” he says.

Evidence is also emerging from experimental studies that certain kinds of play can help children learn as well as, or in some cases better than, formal instruction. In 2022, Ramchandani and his team at the Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL) Centre at the University of Cambridge analysed 39 studies of “guided” play in children aged three to eight. Unlike “free” play, where children decide what to do, guided play involves a playful educational task where children have some freedom of choice, but are gently steered towards a learning goal by an adult.

The study found that guided play was as effective as conventional teaching for developing key skills such as literacy, numeracy, social skills and thinking skills. For developing some maths skills, namely understanding shapes, guided play was superior. This may be because guided play lets children explore shape in a range of different ways. The joyful aspect is also key. “If children are enjoying themselves, they’re going to engage for longer,” says Ramchandani.

Hands-on play with objects such as blocks and puzzles may also help children develop scientific reasoning skills. In 2023, Ramchandani, Thomsen and their colleagues analysed 102 studies of the use of objects in learning, mainly of early primary-aged children and found that there were benefits to children’s spatial, literacy and science skills, with the strongest evidence for benefits in developing mathematical skills.

Creative links

There are links, too, between play and creativity, a central pillar of the scientific endeavour. “You’re creating, you are experimenting, you are buzzing ideas together,” says Ramchandani. “There is an obvious parallel with playing imaginatively or playing with friends.” So what looked like child’s play with wire and cardboard turns out to be anything but trivial—it won Watson and Crick a Nobel Prize and unlocked one of biology’s greatest mysteries.

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Few diagnoses carry the devastating weight of dementia, which heralds loss, decline and inevitable death. The condition is the biggest killer in the UK, and cases are set to soar.

“One in three people born in the UK today will develop dementia in their lifetime,” says Richard Oakley, Associate Director of Research and Innovation for Alzheimer’s Society. A 2024 report commissioned by Alzheimer’s Society found that there are 982,000 people living with dementia in the UK – about one person in 70 – and that the number will rise to 1.4 million by 2040.

This poses an enormous challenge, both for biomedical research and for society. “Dementia is almost unique, in that it spans the health and the social care system in a way that I think no other disease does,” says Oakley.

Despite the impact of dementia, progress has been slow. Now, this is beginning to change. For the first time, treatments have emerged that can slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia accounting for 60 per cent of cases. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the different kinds of dementia are reshaping how researchers imagine the condition. Meanwhile, innovations in care – including advanced technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence – are helping to improve quality of life for people with dementia and the people closest to them. “There’s never been a more exciting time to be involved in dementia research,” says Oakley.

Slowing disease

Since its founding in 1979, Alzheimer’s Society has developed into a world-leading funder of dementia research. In 1989, the charity funded research led by neurogeneticist John Hardy into the role of amyloid proteins in Alzheimer’s. This led Hardy and his colleague Gerald Higgins to formulate the “amyloid cascade hypothesis”, which outlines how the buildup of amyloid plaques in the brain can disrupt its functioning and kill neurons.

Three decades later, treatments are targeting amyloid and removing it from people’s brains in early stage Alzheimer’s disease. “These drugs have been shown to slow down progression of the disease,” says Oakley, although they don’t reverse the damage or cure the condition.

These treatments are not currently approved for use in the NHS in the UK, but it is likely that more treatments will be submitted to regulators in the coming years. A study of the Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline, published in June, found 182 ongoing clinical trials assessing 138 drugs. Some target amyloid, while others are aiming for other targets entirely, including the tau protein, neurotransmitter receptors, and inflammation. “About 30 of these [are] in phase three trials,” which is the last step in determining whether a medication is effective as well as safe, says Oakley.

Alongside the search for treatments, Alzheimer’s Society supports dementia research in multiple ways. The charity is actively funding over £50m in world leading dementia research, working with more than 400 researchers across the UK. Encouraging early-career researchers to choose dementia as their field of study is a key part of the charity’s research strategy. And crucially, it is supporting research that could lead to improved diagnostic methods.

Diagnosis is a major challenge in dementia. While written memory tests are enough to confirm that a person has dementia, additional tests such as PET scans are required to determine the specific type of dementia. “Only 2 per cent of people get that kind of extra, more specific diagnosis,” says Oakley. Alzheimer’s Society wants many more to get a precise diagnosis promptly.

“The thing that’s going to make a very big difference over the next year or two is the introduction of blood tests,” says Paresh Malhotra, consultant neurologist and Head of the Division of Neurology at Imperial College London. Such tests would be a cheap and noninvasive way support the diagnosis of dementia.

There’s never been a more exciting time to be involved in dementia research

Richard Oakley, Alzheimer’s Society

To enable this, Alzheimer’s Society, Alzheimer’s Research UK and players of People’s Postcode Lottery are funding the Blood Biomarker Challenge. The aim is to gather the information needed to introduce a simple blood marker to test for dementia in the UK healthcare system. Two studies are being supported. One study called READ-OUT, led by Vanessa Raymont at the University of Oxford, is looking at a large panel of potential biomarkers. Meanwhile, Jonathan Schott and Ashvini Keshavan at University College London have launched a project called ADAPT, which focuses on a single protein called p-tau217 that is known to increase in the blood during the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The hope is that measuring p-tau217 could support a diagnosis and quickly identify people who need further tests.

We already know the blood tests are reliable, says Malhotra. The new studies will help show how they can be integrated into the healthcare system.

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for dementia patients. Research shows that ‘disease-modifying treatments’ are most effective when given early. Early diagnosis means people can access care and support. It also means people can plan for the future. “You can play a role in determining the care you want at home, or how and when you move to a care home,” says Oakley. Such preparations make it less likely that people with dementia will reach a crisis that requires emergency medical intervention.

Family support

Alzheimer’s Society also aims to improve the lives of people with dementia and their loved ones. It offers support for families, such as online communities, telephone support lines, and social groups. It promotes wider awareness of dementia in society, enabling people with dementia to live fuller lives (see box).

The overall aim is to halt the march of devastation dementia causes. A true cure remains a distant dream, but even without one, enormous progress is possible. “If you shift back the onset of symptoms and delay how quickly the disease progresses, we could be talking a chronic condition that you manage well,” says Oakley.

In a few decades, HIV has gone from a death sentence to something that is treatable, says Malhotra. Alzheimer’s treatment could be similarly improved. “There are things that are happening at the moment, particularly around machine learning and AI, that have the potential to transform the field faster than I can imagine,” he says.

In a few decades, a dementia diagnosis may not be the beginning of the end but something to manage. “I see a world where Alzheimer’s disease is going to be like that,” says Oakley. “And Alzheimer’s Society is at the forefront of this progress.”

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