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This week's magazine



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Perched on a narrow passage, ESA astronaut Marco Sieber stops for a moment to admire the heart of the cave he is set to explore. His journey into the deep is part of ESA?s CAVES training that prepares astronauts for the challenges of spaceflight both as individuals and as a team. Just like in space, the cave imposes isolation, confinement and limited supplies. For four days, an international crew of astronauts descended underground to live and work together, cut off from the outside world. Marco shared the expedition with NASA?s Jasmin ?Jaws? Moghbeli, Makoto Suwa from Japan?s space agency JAXA and Mohammad Al Mulla from MBRSC, the Emirati space agency. Marco?s role for the first two days and nights was to scout the 3.5 km long cave in the Italian Apennines, staying focused for hours on end under real exploration conditions. He was the first one into the unknown. The use of artificial light in constant darkness alters the perception of time and of colour. Beyond his skills as a medical doctor, his fellow explorers describe him as adventurous and humble, always curious to learn new things. Together with Jasmin, he was in charge of mapping the cave, choosing the best path and reporting their progress to the ground. All roles were swapped halfway through the expedition. The team of ?cavenauts? navigated sloping and uneven terrain, keeping situational awareness at all times. They overcame vertical drops of 20 metres using newly acquired rope climbing skills and organised the campsite that became their home. Over four dark days, they discovered a new world and new things about themselves and each other.

Space

See an astronaut prepare for spaceflight by journeying through a cave

Marco Sieber is part of an international team of astronauts who spent four days living and working in a cave for a European Space Agency training programme

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Environment

Antarctica may have crossed a tipping point that leads to rising seas

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Space

NASA’s asteroid deflection test had unexpected and puzzling outcome

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Health

Egg cells made with DNA from human skin fertilised in the lab

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Mind

Your happiness in life may not be U-shaped – here’s how it could vary

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Life

20 bird species can understand each other’s anti-cuckoo call

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Earth

Shackleton knew his doomed ship wasn’t the strongest before sailing

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Health

Cannabis extract found to be effective for lower back pain

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Space

Rogue planet gains 6 billion tonnes per second in record growth spurt

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Mind

Autism may have subtypes that are genetically distinct from each other

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Life

Evolution may explain why women live longer than men

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Chemistry

The mystery of highly reactive oxygen has finally been solved

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Health

We now know why a belly button becomes an ‘innie’

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Humans

Ancient artists created giant camel engravings in the Arabian desert

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Mind

How playing a musical instrument helps children learn to read

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Physics

We may finally know what causes will-o’-the-wisps

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Space

Astronomers captured an incredible view of M87’s black hole jet

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Mind

Our brain ‘swivels’ to focus on sounds from different directions

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