These elaborate constructions are just some of the birds鈥� nests found at the , UK, one of the oldest and largest ornithological collections in the world, with over 1 million specimens.

Some of those pictured are built primarily using dry grass, like that of the spectacled longbill (main picture), the only known research specimen, and the opened-up 鈥渂all鈥� nest of the desert cisticola (pictured above), which boasts a roof and an entrance hole bound by spider鈥檚 webs. Others, like the brown noddy鈥檚 (below), are made of a mix of materials, including bird excrement and a colony of calcifying aquatic invertebrates called bryozoans.

The nest of the bokmakierie (pictured above) shows the handiwork of both sexes, with its neat, open-cup design, a common shape for perching birds. The light-vented bulbul鈥檚 nest (below), similarly crafted, is largely made from twigs and bamboo leaves. It is in its original shipping packaging from 1896.

The multiple open-cup nests (pictured below) are the work of many different birds, but have all been commandeered by the common cuckoo, which lays its eggs in the nests of more than 100 other bird species worldwide.

In his new book , in which all these images appear, Douglas Russell, senior curator at the museum, delves into the history of some of the specimens. 鈥淎 nest is a captured piece of the environment, a moment in time,鈥� he says. 鈥淵ou couldn鈥檛 ask for a more comprehensive little, tiny, feathered botanist to take up that little sample of material for you.鈥�

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See inside the Natural History Museum鈥檚 rare bird archive at