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Cannabis vaping liquids contain lead and other toxic metals

The heating elements in vapes can release toxic metals. Now an analysis of cannabis vaping liquids shows metals like lead are present at dangerous levels – even before the vape is used
Cannabis vape pens can contain unsafe levels of heavy metals
Richard Vogel/AP/ Alamy

Cannabis vape liquids contain toxic heavy metals that do not come from the device itself. In both legal and illegal products, the concentration of nano-sized metal particles exceeds the safe limits for metal intake.

Vaping is touted as a healthier alternative to smoking because heating a drug into an inhalable vapour, rather than burning it, releases lower levels of toxic chemicals. However, vaping liquid does contain other such as benzene, a carcinogen also found in car exhaust. on nicotine e-cigarettes has also shown the heating element can release toxic heavy metals into the vapour it produces.

In a presented at the American Chemical Society Spring 2024 conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 19 March, researchers used mass spectrometry to analyse the liquid composition of 41 cannabis vapes obtained in Canada: 20 were legal products purchased in shops and 21 were illegal devices seized by police. Every product was less than six months old and had never been used.

Although they had not been exposed to an active heating element, the liquids contained high concentrations of 12 metals. In many of the vapes, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel and vanadium surpassed the heavy metal limits considered safe in a drug product by the , a public health organisation that mediates between regulators and the pharmaceutical industry. For example, the amount of nickel in inhaled products should be no greater than 0.5 parts per million (ppm), but some cannabis vapes contained as much as 677 ppm. Additionally, the safe limit of copper is 3 ppm and several vapes exceeded that; the liquid in one had a maximum of 485 ppm. Most notably, the liquids also had high levels of lead, with unregulated products containing 100 times more lead than regulated ones.

Large amounts of heavy metals cause extensive damage to the human body. Lead, for example, is associated with and . “Heavy metals tend to accumulate more if you’re inhaling them,” says  at MemorialCare Long Beach Medical Center in California who was not involved in the study.

The findings highlight the health risks of using vapes, particularly those obtained illegally, which had higher levels of both nickel and lead than legal devices. Researchers next plan to measure how much of the metal in the liquid ends up being inhaled by cannabis vape users.

Topics: Cannabis / smoking