快猫短视频

AMOS WINTER, a graduate student at the Massuchusetts Institute of Technology, has a new skill to add to his resum茅. 鈥淎mos is now a licensed clam digger in the state of Massachusetts,鈥� his supervisor, Anette Hosoi, says proudly.

Razor clams retreat rapidly into the sand when threatened, making them elusive prey. The clams move with ease into muddy silt and gravelly sand, despite being able to exert a force only one-tenth that required for a person to push a clam shell into the sand. Winter dug up some clams to observe their uncanny burrowing ability, and then built a 鈥渞oboclam鈥� that is able to burrow into the sand by mimicking their action.

鈥淭hat鈥檚 what got the oil industry interested,鈥� says Hosoi. If the clam鈥檚 technique can be replicated mechanically, it could prove ideal for anchoring offshore rigs in the soft seabed of the Gulf of Mexico and other oil-rich waters around the world.

So how do the clams do it? A slowed-down video of a clam digging offers some clues. The clam first braces itself by opening its long shell, then extends its muscular foot forward. Then it partly closes its shell and backs off, which temporarily loosens the sediment in front. The clam then darts forward, gaining ground in the process.

The roboclam is one of several ongoing MIT projects being sponsored by energy multinational Chevron to the tune of $6.5 million over the next five years 鈥� it is also partially funded by Bluefin Robotics of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chevron鈥檚 motivation grows more obvious with every hike in oil prices. The industry is hoping that sooner or later that the ban on offshore drilling will be lifted. Last month, both US president George Bush and presidential candidate John McCain advocated lifting the ban, as did Florida governor Charlie Crist, whose state has large offshore oil reserves.

Opponents say such drilling will threaten marine ecosystems and coastal fisheries while doing nothing to relieve the immediate energy crunch. But with US gasoline prices averaging over $4 per gallon, the oil industry鈥檚 enthusiasm for deep-water reserves is running high 鈥� though getting the oil out presents a major challenge.

鈥淎s we move to deeper water everything becomes harder and vastly more expensive,鈥� says Owen Oakley, a consultant with the research arm of Chevron. The high pressures and low temperatures at depths greater than 2500 metres will require more robust equipment and better communications. So the order-of-magnitude leap in digging efficiency demonstrated by the razor clam would be of great benefit to anchoring systems, which are heavy and costly to deploy.

The roboclam will be tested in the field this autumn. Hosoi admits the roboclam may not scale up to oil-rig proportions, but even so it could be used to anchor and move smaller pieces of equipment on the seabed. The industry is interested enough to keep funding the work. 鈥淭hese are not people worried about the end of oil,鈥� she says.

Energy and Fuels 鈥� Learn more about the looming energy crisis in our comprehensive special report.