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Review: Earth: The Sequel. The race to reinvent energy and stop global warming by Fred Krupp and Miriam Horn

Will the solutions to climate change offered in the latest batch of books on the topic really fix the problems, asks Fred Pearce

WHOEVER ends up in the White House will have to enter the battle against climate change, and America’s scriptwriters are already limbering up for the action. Europeans may scoff at US movies showing how the Americans won the second world war with barely a walk-on part for anyone else, but writers are now repeating the pattern in their books on global warming.

Earth: The sequel casts what it calls “the race to reinvent energy and stop global warming” as an American crusade. To be fair, , president of the , and his journalist co-author Miriam Horn, have some compelling case studies of US innovators in solar and wind power, ocean and geothermal energy, biofuels and carbon capture. It is just the relentless Americanisation of the endeavour that grates for non-US readers.

Virtually ignored are and the fact that happens to be Danish. The firm gets 12 words – 11 of them in brackets. And in case you miss the subtext, the book’s last paragraph begins: “We have before us an extraordinary opportunity to harness the power of the United States of America’s huge and dynamic markets to ensure a safe future
 [to] gather US ingenuity and resourcefulness to serve a higher purpose: protecting this planet for generations to come.”

Hey, guys, this is our world, too. And we’d appreciate some recognition that until now the US has been part of the problem, not the solution. I don’t care if the intended audience for this absurdly titled book is American. Right now, Americans need to know more than ever what the rest of the world is thinking and doing.

Even , the venerable and well-travelled founder of the , the Washington DC research organisation that focuses on creating an environmentally sustainable society, can’t quite avoid the “America saves the world” narrative. Towards the end of his equally irritatingly titled Plan B: 3.0, he gives inspiration for saving the planet by suggesting that “the US entry into World War II offers an inspiring case study in rapid mobilization”, one that “helped turn the tide, leading the Allied Forces to victory”.

Still, Brown is not afraid of scaring Americans with the reminder of just how severe this mobilisation effort could be. For nearly three years during that wartime effort, such was the scale of industrial commandeering that “there were essentially no cars produced in the United States”. Nor does he shy away from reminding his readers that the sacrifices they will have to make in the new battle will be much tougher. Heroes and technology, American or otherwise, will not be enough. When Hitler and the Japanese were beaten, car production resumed so fast that soon a third of all the world’s cars were driving on US freeways. This time round, though, “mobilizing to save civilization requires an enduring economic restructuring”.

What kind of technologies would such a restructuring involve? I know it’s not very sexy, but we already have most of the technologies needed to fix climate change. Some require a firm kick-start, such as hydrogen fuel cells for cars. Others, such as wind, thermal and photovoltaic solar power, are already growing fast. Brown describes how the oil state of Texas is investing megabucks in wind turbines. And the mighty General Motors, following the lead of Toyota, has bet its future on hybrid cars with lithium-ion batteries that you plug into the mains at night. Put the two technologies together and he sees a world dawning in which cars run on wind.

Brown is right to say that there is ample renewable energy out there to power the world’s economy many times over, but it has to be said that there is only one off-the-shelf, high-output source of electricity available to replace fossil fuels: nuclear power. Brown ducks the issue, blandly observing in a single paragraph that his Plan B assumes old nuclear power stations will all be replaced. Blink and you’d miss it.

, author of 14 popular science books and a neurologist at the University of Washington in Seattle, grasps the nuclear nettle in Global Fever: How to treat climate change. This book is just about the easiest and most up-to-date read of the batch. In his final chapter on solutions, he avers that “we have no choice but to expand nuclear”. A lot of people pussyfoot around the nuclear issue, so Calvin deserves full marks for clarity.

Nuclear is old tech, though. Calvin’s weakness is for new and untried technology. For instance, he pins huge hopes on highly speculative machines for engineering the oceans to soak up carbon dioxide from the air. By 2040, he says, we could be starting to bring down atmospheric concentrations.

Journalist Robert Kunzig and oceanographer in their book Fixing Climate demonstrate the same weakness. They give pride of place in the fixing stakes to a machine developed by Klaus Lackner of Columbia University, New York, for chemically stripping CO2 from the air. The machine is expensive and you’d need millions of them. They call it “the only hope”. Hmm. By all means do research, but even to pencil such technologies into our timetable for staving off climatic apocalypse is nuts.

The problem with all the techno-talk is that it suggests that’s where the solution lies. Brown at least knows it is not enough. He puts people at the heart of his story. Not Krupp’s blue-eyed entrepreneurs, but real people. There are, he says, four key challenges facing the world in the 21st century: climate change, poverty, rising population and the collapse of ecosystems. “If we fail on any one of them, then we fail on them all.”

Brown has a line where he says: “Things are so bad now we can’t afford to be pessimistic.” It makes me want to cheer. One of the main threats to fixing climate today is a growing fashion for cynical pessimism. People who yesterday denied climate change existed now say it is too late to do anything. This volte-face may be cretinous, but it does have the advantage of continuing to absolve these people of any responsibility for acting to call a halt to climate change.

Many of these vicarious doomsday merchants will probably be buying The Global Warming Survival Kit – written by the sole British writer among this batch of books. In it, popular science author promises “clear-headed practical guidance so that you, your family and loved ones can prepare for the end of the world as we know it”. The book – subtitled The must-have guide to overcoming extreme weather, power cuts, food shortages and other climate change disasters – advises all manner of hoarding and selfishness, while warning against displaying “conspicuous consumption”. “In stressful times there is likely to be more resentment of the blatantly rich,” he explains.

“One book advises all manner of hoarding and selfishness”

This might all be a joke: at one point Clegg offers tips on how to prepare a safe worm sandwich. But I fear this is the new green survivalism. I looked in vain for a section on sharing what you have, or reducing your impact on the planet. Instead the take-home message can be summed up by Clegg’s advice: “Don’t hitch-hike; don’t pick up hitch-hikers.” I can’t help thinking this selfish attitude is what got us into the problem in the first place.

Hysteria gets us nowhere. The truth is we have the technology. And with oil at over $100 a barrel, deploying it will not screw up the world economy. Only failing to deploy it will do that.

Calvin and Brown are both right, in their different ways, in seeing that the problems are mainly political. They are about making happen what we know should happen. Yes, we can, but will we? “It’s going to be like herding stray cats,” Calvin says, which is as good a metaphor for global governance as I have come across. So I will try to forgive him his last line, where he likens the political leaders we need to “the geniuses who pulled off the American Revolution”. Give us a break, Uncle Sam.

Climate Change – Want to know more about global warming: the science, impacts and political debate? Visit our continually updated special report.

Earth: The Sequel. The race to reinvent energy and stop global warming

Fred Krupp and Miriam Horn

W. W. Norton

Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to save civilization

Lester Brown

W. W. Norton

Global Fever: How to treat climate change

William Calvin

University of Chicago Press

Fixing Climate: What past climate changes reveal about the current threat – and how to counter it

Robert Kunzig and Wallace Broecker

Profile Books (UK)/Hill and Wang (US)

The Global Warming Survival Kit: The must-have guide to overcoming extreme weather, power cuts, food shortages and other climate change disasters

Brian Clegg

Doubleday

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