John Heskett races through design from theory to practice, ancient to modern in Toothpicks and Logos (Oxford University Press, 拢8.99), and saves the hardest question for the end. Will designers just become technocrats working for the most generous paymasters or will they grapple with the 鈥渟ocial and environmental鈥 purposes embedded in their work? He points out the shabby design of the voting forms for the US presidential election of 2000 that confused voters and gave 鈥渘o opportunity to change a mistake鈥. And toothpicks? Even tiny fragments of wood embody social values. The small grooves on a Japanese toothpick allows its user to snap the end off easily. That becomes a toothpick rest, avoiding the social faux pas of putting a utensil on the table surface once it鈥檚 been used. Neat.
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